How are trust assets treated on divorce?

Following a break-up, trusts are one way in which the economically stronger spouse may seek to ring-fence property to protect this from going into the matrimonial pot on divorce. Solely owned assets may have even been placed in trust prior to getting married, in addition to or in lieu of a pre-nuptial agreement. However, it’s a common misconception that trusts assets cannot be taken into account by the court when assessing the parties’ financial worth, and considering what’s fair in all the circumstances when it comes to the division of marital assets.

Below we look at how any trust interest will be treated on divorce, where separated spouses are unable to agree on a financial settlement and the court is asked to intervene. 

What are trusts and trust assets?

There are various different types of trusts that can contain a whole host of trust assets. In broad terms, a trust can contain both money and property given to it by a ‘settlor’.  These assets will then be legally owned by appointed ‘trustees’ who hold the assets for the benefit of those specified within the terms of the trust, known as the ‘beneficiaries’.

For instance, a residential property placed in a lifetime trust may allow the beneficiary of that trust to reside in the property for the duration of their lifetime, or a beneficiary may benefit from interest on savings placed in a discretionary trust, albeit at the trustees’ discretion.

Trusts can be set up for various legitimate and non-marital reasons, including tax avoidance, to give third parties beneficial interests in property, to provide a discretionary income for a class or classes of beneficiaries, and estate planning for future generations. In some cases, trusts may also be set up specifically to protect the wealth of the settlor-spouse on divorce.

Will trust assets be ring-fenced on divorce?

When it comes to financial remedy proceedings, the court may be called upon to look beyond the complexities of any trust mechanism to examine the reality of the financial situation.

The fact that trustees have legal ownership of any trust assets, or control over the way in which these are managed, doesn’t automatically mean that any benefit derived from the trust should be disregarded when it comes to the matrimonial pot. This is the case, even if the trust was put in place prior to getting married, or otherwise set up with a genuine purpose. There may also be allegations over whether or not a trust has been solely created as a means of defeating the financial claim of the economically weaker spouse in anticipation of divorce.

Either way, under section 25 of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973, the court has a duty to consider all financial resources available to both parties, either now or in the foreseeable future, including any trust interest. The court also has wide and varied powers to make orders that achieve a fair outcome in each case, including awarding the non-beneficiary party a greater share of non-trust assets. This means that trust assets may be treated as either income or capital that can be brought into account, regardless of the reasons behind the trust.

Needless to say, the court is likely to take an even more robust approach when bringing trust assets into account if it considers the trust to be a sham. It’s therefore vital that expert legal advice is sought prior to entering into a trust arrangement, either prior to getting married or following the breakdown of a marriage, or when pursuing or defending trust asset claims in the context of divorce and financial remedy proceedings.

Legal disclaimer

The matters contained herein are intended to be for general information purposes only. This blog does not constitute legal advice, nor is it a complete or authoritative statement of the law in England and Wales and should not be treated as such. Whilst every effort is made to ensure that the information is correct, no warranty, express or implied, is given as to its’ accuracy, and no liability is accepted for any error or omission. Before acting on any of the information contained herein, expert legal advice should always be sought.